The 56th Operations Group, headquartered in Building 997, has operational control and responsibility for the entire fighter training mission at Luke. The group is composed of an operations support squadron, a training squadron, eight fighter squadrons of F-16 Fighting Falcons and two detachments.

The 56th OSS is responsible for providing a world class training environment for the 56th Fighter Wing. The 56th OSS provides airfield management services, air traffic control, weather forecasting and warning services, weapons and tactics expertise, aircrew training management, aircrew life support training, intelligence support, operations scheduling and flight records management for a 10-squadron fighter operations group. Additionally, the OSS operates an intelligence formal training unit for the entire F-16 intelligence community and manages an annual flying hour program of over 47,000 hours and 35,000 sorties.

The mission of the 56th TRS is to provide academic- and ground-based instruction to support training the world's finest F-16 pilots and weapons directors. The 56th TRS trains almost one-half of all the Air Force's new fighter pilots each year. It conducts F-16 academic and device training in accordance with major command formal syllabi including initial instruction, transition courses, senior officer courses, Thunderbird and aggressor pilot instruction, forward air control, night systems and Block 50 specialized conversion courses. The 56th TRS also provides academic, simulator and live mission training for more than 75 upgrading weapons directors annually. All 56th TRS training is conducted across six facilities on Luke and the Papago Park military reservation in central Phoenix. This squadron provides Air Force acceptance and quality control of courseware and manages all aircrew training devices for the 56th Fighter Wing.